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How Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) works

Ground Penetrating Radar is a cutting edge non-destructive technology that is extensively used in various fields like construction, locating utilities and pipes underground, bridge and road inspection, concrete inspection, geology, archaeology, etc. It can be used over a variety of media such as rock, ice, soil, water, concrete, pavement, and structures as well as to locate all types of underground substances. It is more recently coming into popularity for concrete and bridge inspections as well as for construction to locate underground pipes and electric before digging How it works GPR or Ground Penetrating Radar uses high-frequency Radar pulses or electromagnetic waves which usually fall into the range of 10 MHz to 2.6 GHz to scan the subsurface. Radar (Radio detection and ranging) is a technology used to detect the target in free space and determine its range. A GPR setup consists of a transmitting and receiving unit, control unit, display console, and power supplies. It sends an el...
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Nondestructive testing methods used in bridge inspection

Visual inspection – this is the most common form of non-destructive testing as they don’t need any special testing equipment. It can be done quickly and is more economical than the other non-destructive methods but the subjective nature of visual inspection can produce variable and inaccurate results.   Digital image processing  – Earlier two methods Neuro-Fuzzy Recognition Approach method (NFRA) and the Simplified K-Means Algorithm (SKMA) method (Lee 2011) were developed to recognize surface defects like rusting by using digital color imaging processes.   The NFRA methods utilized artificial intelligence to separate rust pixels from the background pixels while SKMA method utilized a statistical approach to separate object pixel from the background pixels. These methods couldn’t generate reliable results under specific environmental conditions. Later on, another advanced method rust-color-spectrum-based rust defect-recognition method (RUDERM) was devel...
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